Past exam of the physics A course of the University of Cambridge 2012 Paper 2 Section A 2 Solution 2026-10-20
For elliptical polarization from circular and linear components, use coherent waves of the same frequency, propagation direction and fixed relative phase. Let the circular component be and the linear component , with . Their sum has and , soThe tip of the electric field traces an ellipse with unequal semiaxes and . Coherence is necessary: averaging unrelated phases does not create this fixed polarization ellipse.