Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2012 iii Paper 65 1 iv Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
Use the unsquared convention for quantum fidelity:Choose a purification of a density operator of , and put . By definition,The monotonicity of quantum fidelity under partial trace follows from Uhlmann's theorem: maximizing purifications of two joint states are also candidate purifications of their marginals, with the discarded subsystem included in the purifying system. The optimization for the marginals therefore cannot give a smaller overlap. Here those marginals are and . ConsequentlyThis entanglement fidelity bound by state fidelity distinguishes preserving a reference entanglement from merely reproducing the input marginal.