L1 distortion lower bound for an expander graph Created 2026-09-28 Updated 2026-11-05
Let a connected -regular expander graph have vertices, edge-expansion constant , and . For , its least bi-Lipschitz distortion into L1 space satisfies the explicit boundNormalize an embedding so that each image distance is at least the graph distance and at most times it. Every image edge has length at most . The L1 Poincare inequality for an expander graph then gives , where is the mean ordered-pair graph distance.
A ball of radius has at most vertices. Take . Its size is at most , so at least half the vertices are farther than from each fixed vertex. Hence . The size assumption implies , proving the bound. For a fixed-degree family with expansion bounded below, distortion therefore grows at least proportionally to .
Choose and a fixed -regular graph on vertices with absolute nonconstant eigenvalues at most . Start with the loop-inclusive complete graph on vertices and iterate . The degree stays , vertex counts are , and . Since , all . The spectral cut bound gives multiplicity-counted edge expansion at least . Removing loops and merging parallel edges loses at most a factor , producing simple expander graphs with maximum degree and edge expansion at least .