Fermion mass matrix
= Fermion mass matrix
{title2=$-\bar f_LM_ff_R+\mathrm{h.c.}$}
After a scalar <vacuum expectation value>, a <Yukawa matrix> produces a bilinear $-\bar f_LM_ff_R+\mathrm{h.c.}$. Independent unitary left/right <rotations> diagonalize $M_f$ with nonnegative <masses>. Extra scalar-dependent operators can make the physical scalar coupling matrix fail to diagonalize with the <mass> matrix.