For first-order excitation in a linearly expanding infinite well, retain only the ground-state amplitude on the right. For the second level, the coupling coefficient is . With ,
The relative dynamical phase is plus a constant. Up to an irrelevant phase,
The lower endpoint is an oscillatory improper limit: substituting gives . A physical initial state cannot occupy a zero-width well. Prepare the ground state at , integrate from , and then take the formal limit of the probability. For , endpoint asymptotics give ; the first-order expression is reliable only while total excitation remains small.