= Franken and colleagues frequency-doubling experiment
{c}
In 1961, <Peter Alden Franken>, <Alan Hill>, <C. Wilbur Peters> and <Gabriel Weinreich> focused a pulsed <ruby laser> through a red <optical filter> into <quartz>. The filter suppressed xenon-flash background. A quartz-prism <spectrograph> used red-insensitive Eastman Type 103 plates. A single shot recorded a feature near $347.2\,\mathrm{nm}$ from $694.3\,\mathrm{nm}$ input. Removing the <quartz> or substituting glass removed the feature; changing <polarization of waves> and orientation followed their predicted pattern. These controls supported <second-harmonic generation>; photographic density gave an estimated yield.<Generation of Optical Harmonics by Peter Alden Franken and others>[pp. 118–119, Table I, Fig. 1 and controls]{ref}
\Image[/second-harmonic-generation-functional-experiment.png]
{title=Functional <second-harmonic generation> experiment and <photon> <energy> relation}
{description=Original functional diagram; the output strip is illustrative, with no measured line heights. The red <optical filter> precedes the generating <quartz>; it cleans the input rather than isolating the ultraviolet output. The <spectrograph> separates output <frequencies>. This is a functional arrangement, not a scaled reconstruction or historical plate. The ideal <photon> panel illustrates <conservation of energy>.}
{source=second-harmonic-generation-functional-experiment.py}
A <spectrograph> turns output <frequency> into a recording position. Its spectral separation makes a faint new component distinguishable from bright input <light>. The reported rounded <wavelengths> do not constitute an independent precision measurement of the ratio two. Nor do these observations demonstrate perfect <phase matching> or complete conversion. The experiment and <Nicolaas Bloembergen's> later theoretical account are distinct contributions to <nonlinear optics>.
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