Frobenius monoid 2026-10-06
A monoid object with a morphism such that and a suitable coevaluation make a dual pair in a monoidal category. In a category of vector spaces this is a Frobenius algebra. This condition alone is not the usual separability condition.
The algebra must be finite-dimensional, and there is no universal bound on its dimension. Let and write its coevaluation morphism as a finite sum
For any , one snake identity gives
Thus the finitely many span , making it a finite-dimensional vector space. The other snake identity shows that is nondegenerate in the other variable as well, so the maps to the dual space determined by this pairing are isomorphisms. In the standard algebraic terminology this is a Frobenius algebra.
Every positive finite dimension of a vector space occurs: take with coordinatewise multiplication and . The coordinate idempotents give and . If zero unital algebras are allowed, the zero object gives dimension zero too.
The pairing need not make a semisimple algebra. For example, the dual numbers with have pairing matrix
and coevaluation morphism . This pairing is nondegenerate over every field, despite the nilpotent ideal . Finite-dimensionality is the dimension conclusion; separability is not part of the given definition.