Fast-growing hierarchy 2026-10-14
A fast-growing hierarchy indexes number-theoretic functions by an effective system of ordinal notations. Successor stages iterate the preceding function, while limit stages diagonalize along a chosen fundamental sequence of a limit ordinal. These choices are part of the definition. With the standard Cantor normal form sequences below epsilon zero, each fixed for is provably total in Peano arithmetic, but the uniform endpoint is not. Every function provably total in Peano arithmetic is eventually bounded by some lower level. These classification results are proved in epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3843/1/3843.pdf .