Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2025 iii Paper 301 2 a iv Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
When , integration by parts makes the kinetic term . The Lorentzian contraction over the field index gives the time component and the three spatial components opposite kinetic-energy signs. Reversing the sign of merely exchanges which component is a ghost field; no nonzero choice makes all four energies positive. At there is no healthy kinetic term. Thus the Hamiltonian is never positive definite.