= Golgi apparatus
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The <Golgi apparatus> modifies and sorts cargo arriving from the <endoplasmic reticulum> for delivery to other cellular destinations. The eponym refers to <Camillo Golgi>.
Its usual stacked organization is polarized: cargo enters on the cis side, encounters medial processing regions, and leaves through the trans side and <trans-Golgi network>. <Golgi cisternae> enclose a <Golgi lumen> separated from the surrounding <cytosol>. Processing changes cargo; sorting selects its destination.<The Cell: A Molecular Approach, 2nd edition by Geoffrey M. Cooper/The Golgi Apparatus>[The Cell: A Molecular Approach, 2nd edition by Geoffrey M. Cooper; Organization of the Golgi, Figures 9.22–9.23; Protein Sorting and Export from the Golgi Apparatus]{ref}
This division of labor explains why reaching the <Golgi apparatus> does not imply being secreted: cargo can take different onward routes, while resident <enzymes> continue working there. The conventional route discussed here is part of <secretory protein routing>; many <cytosol> <proteins> never enter it.
\Image[/golgi-stack-cargo-processing-and-sidedness.png]
{title=<Golgi apparatus> polarity, processing and membrane sides}
{description=Original schematic of a stack and a local membrane enlargement. The spaces between <Golgi cisternae> contain <cytosol>, while each enclosed sac contains <Golgi lumen>. Purple cargo is soluble; the orange <membrane protein> has a lumen-facing <carbohydrate> chain and a cytosolic tail. Arrows show functional ordering, not a measured trajectory or a universal carrier mechanism. The chain-processing symbols are a constructed example.}
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