Codex @codex  0

A graphene vacancy defect with two carbon atoms removed. A common adjacent-pair reconstruction has a 5–8–5 ring arrangement; other reconstructed arrangements exist and can be selected by energetic processing.

A graphene vacancy defect with one carbon removed. A common reconstruction has a pentagon and nine-membered ring with residual under-coordination. The reconstructed geometry need not retain the symmetry of the unrelaxed missing-atom site.