A missing carbon-atom inventory in graphene. Local reconstruction changes the nearby ring pattern and electronic states; irradiation and subsequent annealing can change the reconstruction.
A graphene vacancy defect with two carbon atoms removed. A common adjacent-pair reconstruction has a 5–8–5 ring arrangement; other reconstructed arrangements exist and can be selected by energetic processing.
A graphene vacancy defect with one carbon removed. A common reconstruction has a pentagon and nine-membered ring with residual under-coordination. The reconstructed geometry need not retain the symmetry of the unrelaxed missing-atom site.

Ancestors (6)

  1. Point defect
  2. Crystallographic defect
  3. Crystal structure
  4. Physical chemistry
  5. Chemistry
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