Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2014 iii Paper 40 3 ii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
Choose the orientation of the Berezin integral so thatHere the product has increasing ; this explicitly fixes the otherwise convention-dependent overall sign in the compact measure notation.
Since is a diagonalizable matrix, write with . Make the independent changes and . The Grassmann change-of-variables formula gives the two factors and , so the complete measure is unchanged. The exponent becomes . Each summand is even and squares to zero, and the different even summands commute. Consequently,Only the term containing every generator survives the Berezin integral. Hence the Grassmann Gaussian integral isZero eigenvalues give zero on both sides, so invertibility of is unnecessary. In fact the identity extends to all ordinary matrices: the top-degree coefficient of the exponential is the alternating determinant expansion. The assumption that is a diagonalizable matrix makes the proof especially transparent.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2014 iii Paper 40 3 i Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
A Grassmann variable is an odd generator of a Grassmann algebra: , so . For one generator, any function is . The Berezin integral is the linear operationThus integration extracts a coefficient, rather than assigning a length or volume. For many generators it extracts the coefficient of the highest-degree monomial with the sign fixed by the order of the measure. Odd coefficients and Grassmann derivatives must retain their order; exchanging two odd objects changes the sign.
This operation is invariant under odd translations, because a translation only changes terms of lower degree. For an invertible ordinary matrix and , the Grassmann change-of-variables formula isThe inverse Jacobian determinant, rather than the ordinary commuting-variable Jacobian, compensates for the factor multiplying the top monomial. Integration agrees with the appropriate ordered Grassmann derivatives, but the orientation must be specified when combining barred and unbarred variables.