If with , a Sylow subgroup for is a subgroup of order . The Sylow theorems assert: such subgroups exist; every -subgroup is contained in a Sylow subgroup; all Sylow -subgroups are conjugate; and their number divides and satisfies .
For groups of order p squared q are not simple, if , then and force . Its unique Sylow subgroup is a nontrivial proper normal subgroup. Suppose instead . If either Sylow count is one, the conclusion already follows. Otherwise , while is either or . The value is impossible because . Thus , and . Primality and imply , hence . The only consecutive primes are .
In that exceptional order- case, four distinct Sylow -subgroups contribute eight distinct nonidentity elements: their intersections are trivial. Only three nonidentity elements remain. Every subgroup of order four must contain exactly those remaining three, so there can be only one Sylow -subgroup, contradicting the assumption that both counts were nontrivial. Therefore no group of order with distinct primes is simple.
For the final factorization, normality of ensures is a Sylow -subgroup of . By Sylow conjugacy within , choose such that . Then satisfies
Thus and . We have proved the Frattini argument
The normaliser factorization includes the case , when its normalizer is all of .