Complete quadrangle 2026-10-25
A complete quadrangle consists of four projective points in the projective plane, no three collinear, and all six joining projective lines. Its three diagonal points are the intersections of opposite joining lines. Over a field of characteristic different from two, the line joining two diagonal points cuts either side through the third diagonal point in a pair of harmonic conjugate points. In a projective frame this follows by using the coordinate points and and computing the intersections.
The four points form a projective frame: no three are collinear. By the allowed uniqueness theorem and cross-ratio invariance, useIntersecting the indicated projective lines givesA point of has coordinates . Intersecting with , whose equation is , gives . On that line use its first two homogeneous coordinates. The cross-ratio from (a)(ii) isThe characteristic of a field being zero ensures that . The construction is the diagonal-point property of a complete quadrangle, producing harmonic conjugate points.