= Higgs mechanism history
{c}
In their 1964 paper, <François Englert> and <Robert Brout> showed that <gauge bosons> associated with generators that rotate the chosen vacuum acquire masses while <gauge invariance> is maintained. Their discussion included both scalar and fermionic models.<Broken Symmetry and the Mass of Gauge Vector Mesons by François Englert and Robert Brout>[pp. 321–323, especially Eq. (6)]{ref}
Independently, <Peter Higgs> exhibited a massive vector and a surviving massive <scalar field> by linearizing a simple <gauge theory>. His paper explicitly distinguishes this classical calculation from a proof for the full quantized theory. These 1964 mechanisms supplied an ingredient for the later <electroweak interaction>, rather than the complete <Standard Model>.<Broken Symmetries and the Masses of Gauge Bosons by Peter Higgs>[p. 508, Eqs. (2b)–(4); p. 509, note 4]{ref}
Back to article page
