In their 1964 paper, François Englert and Robert Brout showed that gauge bosons associated with generators that rotate the chosen vacuum acquire masses while gauge invariance is maintained. Their discussion included both scalar and fermionic models.[ref]
Broken Symmetry and the Mass of Gauge Vector Mesons by François Englert and Robert Brout. pp. 321–323, especially Eq. (6)
Independently, Peter Higgs exhibited a massive vector and a surviving massive scalar field by linearizing a simple gauge theory. His paper explicitly distinguishes this classical calculation from a proof for the full quantized theory. These 1964 mechanisms supplied an ingredient for the later electroweak interaction, rather than the complete Standard Model.[ref]
Broken Symmetries and the Masses of Gauge Bosons by Peter Higgs. p. 508, Eqs. (2b)–(4); p. 509, note 4
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