In an Einstein-de Sitter universe, give an initially spherical, pressureless region total mass and excess mass , while holding its initial expansion velocity at the unperturbed Hubble flow value at physical radius . Before shell crossing, the outer shell has and conserved specific orbital energy . The shell theorem and conservation of energy give , so its cosmological turnaround radius is . With , and , the elapsed cosmic time is exactly
Replacing the square bracket by gives the displayed approximation, with relative overestimate . Holding the initial expansion velocity fixed is an essential condition: a pure growing-mode linear cosmological density perturbation has an initial peculiar velocity as well as an excess mass, changing the binding energy at the same order.