Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2014 ib Paper 4 11E b Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-06
The set is the ideal quotient . It contains zero. If , then , since is an subgroup. If and , then because is an ideal. Thus is an ideal.
Write and . Because , each has the form . Then , so , and . Conversely by the definition of . Thereforeso is a principal ideal. This argument uses only the commutative ring convention, not cancellation or an integral domain hypothesis.