= Inhomogeneous ensemble dephasing
Different ensemble members accumulating different deterministic <phases> can shorten their averaged <Bloch vector> even when each member remains in a <pure state>. Averaging static <frequency> offsets gives an effective <dephasing channel>. It need not represent irreversible <phase> loss in each individual system; an appropriate refocusing pulse can reverse static offsets. Changing offsets during the sequence requires a temporal noise model.
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