Interfacial tension of a phi-four diffuse interface (source code)

= Interfacial tension of a phi-four diffuse interface
{title2=$\sigma$}

The excess free energy per area of the phi-four diffuse interface is
$$
\sigma=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\kappa(\phi')^2dx
=\sqrt{\frac{-8a^3\kappa}{9b^2}}.
$$