Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2022 iii Paper 115 2 b Solution 2026-09-28
Let be the dual basis of the positively oriented orthonormal basis . By the definition of the Riemannian volume form,The interior product of a differential form with the outward unit normal isThe vectors form a positive orthonormal frame of by the outward-normal-first boundary orientation. Consequently the pullback of the last display is the positive unit boundary volume form: