Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 iii Paper 4 2 a Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
We use complex representations. By Maschke's theorem, restriction to any finite subgroup is a semisimple module, so it has a canonical isotypic decomposition. In particular, the -isotypic component is the sum of all copies of the irreducible -module with character . The central character idempotentprojects onto this component. These projections preserve every -submodule, which consequently decomposes as the direct sum of its intersections with the isotypic components.
Let afford . The component is nonzero. Since fixes , it preserves . Irreducibility of as a -module therefore gives : its restriction to consists entirely of copies of .
Form the induced representationwhere represents the left cosets . Because , for we haveThus is -isotypic of type , where . These types are distinct for distinct cosets , precisely by the definition of the inertia group of a character .
Let be a nonzero -submodule of . Its isotypic decomposition as an -module shows that it meets some nontrivially. Acting by gives . This intersection is a -submodule of the irreducible , hence equals . The -translates of that component span , so . The induced representation is therefore irreducible, and its restriction contains . Its induced character satisfiesThis proves the irreducibility assertion directly from isotypic components; no form of the correspondence being proved has been assumed.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2022 iii Paper 102 3 b Solution 2026-09-28
Because is a finite-dimensional semisimple module, it has an isotypic decompositionwhere the are pairwise nonisomorphic simple right -modules. By Schur lemma,is a division ring, while for . Consequently every endomorphism preserves the isotypic summands and is a matrix of entries from on each one. ThereforeIf the ground field is algebraically closed and the are finite-dimensional over it, Schur lemma gives .