Kauffman bracket breadth bound 2026-10-14
A state with B smoothings has at most circles, so its largest A exponent is at most . The dual argument bounds the smallest exponent below by . For a connected link diagram, the Turaev surface inequality bounds the resulting breadth by . For a connected reduced alternating diagram, adequacy prevents cancellation at both extremes and planar Euler characteristic gives equality. A disconnected projection needs the additional term in the Jones polynomial breadth bound for a disconnected diagram.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2002 iii Paper 19 1 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
False as written for arbitrary links. The two-component unlink has a diagram with no crossings butThe correct connected-diagram statement does hold, in particular for every knot diagram. If count the all- and all- bracket smoothing state circles, changing smoothings increases the circle count by at most . The maximum and minimum exponents therefore lie between and . This gives the Kauffman bracket breadth bound . For a connected projection, the Turaev surface has Euler characteristic , so the bound is . Writhe of a link diagram normalization changes only a monomial, and divides the breadth by four, giving .
For a diagram with projection components, sum the same Euler characteristic inequality over the components. Then and the Jones polynomial breadth bound for a disconnected diagram is . The extra is indispensable, as the unlink shows.