= K. W. Madison
{c}
{tag=Physicist}
An experimental <physicist> who coauthored a 2000 study of <quantum vortex> formation in a stirred <rubidium-87> <Bose-Einstein condensate>. A focused <laser> beam stirred the gas inside a magnetic trap. Above a threshold rotation frequency, vortices appeared; faster stirring produced multiple vortices. Measuring the single-vortex lifetime after stirring stopped made rotational excitations a controlled probe of a dilute quantum fluid.<Vortex Formation in a Stirred Bose-Einstein Condensate by K. W. Madison and others>[Abstract: stirring, critical frequency, multiple vortices and vortex lifetime]{ref}
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