Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2013 iii Paper 19 5 iii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
Start with a ground model containing a normal splitting Suslin tree , and force with , the finite partial functions from to . Such a starting model is relatively consistent with ZFC: the constructible universe has , and implies the existence of a Suslin tree.
This Cohen forcing is Knaster. In an uncountable family of finite conditions, the delta-system lemma yields an uncountable family whose domains have one common root; thinning to common values on that finite root makes its members pairwise compatible. If is Knaster and is CCC, the product is CCC: thin any uncountable family to pairwise compatible coordinates, then use CCC to find two compatible coordinates. Thus forces that the old is still CCC A name for an uncountable antichain would otherwise produce an uncountable antichain in this product by deciding its nodes.
Countable levels and the tree's splitting property persist, and the splitting argument from the previous part rules out a new cofinal branch in a CCC tree. Therefore the old is still Suslin. Meanwhile the forcing adds at least distinct reals, with all cardinals preserved, so .
We obtain a model with a Suslin tree and . Hence existence of a Suslin tree does not imply the Continuum hypothesis. This uses Knaster forcing preserves Suslin trees, not a claim that arbitrary CCC forcing preserves them.