Suppress the angular three-spheres and use radial null coordinates , with . Compactifying these null coordinates puts radial light rays at 45 degrees in the Penrose diagram. Simple zeros of V give logarithmic ends of the tortoise coordinate and are crossed by regular null charts. The sign of V distinguishes static blocks, where r is spacelike, from inter-horizon blocks, where r is timelike.
The center is a genuine curvature singularity. An orthonormal-frame calculation gives the Kretschmann scalar of a five-dimensional charged black hole
It diverges at zero radius and is finite at positive horizons. Since the normal to a constant-r hypersurface has squared norm V, the singular boundary is spacelike when V is negative near zero and timelike when V is positive there.
For , V is negative inside the sole horizon and the maximal extension is Schwarzschild-like: two asymptotically flat exteriors, a future black-hole triangle ending at a spacelike singularity, and a past white hole triangle beginning at a spacelike singularity. The two pairs of horizon branches meet at a regular bifurcation sphere.
For , V is positive for every positive r. The radial conformal domain is a single exterior with a timelike naked singularity at its left boundary and the usual past/future null infinities on its outer boundaries. There is no horizon. These two cases are shown together below; red zigzags denote curvature singularities.
Figure 1.
Neutral and overcharged radial Penrose diagrams in five dimensions
. Details.
For , the exterior and deep interior are static, while is a trapped or time-reversed band. The outer roots are event horizons for a chosen exterior, and the inner roots are Cauchy horizons. The center is timelike because there. In the exact analytic extension, crossing successive inner and outer horizon branches produces an infinite succession of exterior, trapped, inner-static and white hole blocks. The following finite strip specifies the repetition; it does not terminate the spacetime at the drawing's upper or lower edge.
Figure 2.
Repeated nonextremal charged blocks with outer and inner horizons and timelike singularities
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For , is nonnegative on both sides of . There is no inter-horizon trapped band. Near the horizon, , so the horizon is an infinite throat end of each static coordinate block. It is null and degenerate, without a regular bifurcation surface. The extension consists of alternating exterior and inner-static blocks, with timelike singularities in the latter. The separate conformal blocks below, together with their future-to-past horizon gluing rule, describe the full repeated extension. The open throat endpoints are ideal boundaries, not additional events where horizon branches meet.
Figure 3.
Extremal static conformal blocks and the gluing rule for their maximal extension
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Thus the neutral, strictly subextremal charged, extremal and overcharged cases all have distinct causal structures. These drawings describe the maximal analytic stationary metrics. The additional angular dimension changes areas and curvature falloff, but does not change these radial causal block types.