Heavy symmetric top Lagrangian Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
For a fixed point a distance from the centre of mass and inclination measured from the upward vertical,The spin and precession angles are cyclic.
Lagrange, Euler, and Kovalevskaya tops 2026-10-14
The Lagrange, Euler, and Kovalevskaya tops are three integrable cases of fixed-point rigid body dynamics. The Euler top has no external torque; the Lagrange top has axial symmetry and its center of mass on the symmetry axis; the Kovalevskaya top has two equal principal moments twice the third and its center of mass in the corresponding principal plane.