Heavy symmetric top Lagrangian Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
For a fixed point a distance from the centre of mass and inclination measured from the upward vertical,
The spin and precession angles are cyclic.
The Lagrange, Euler, and Kovalevskaya tops are three integrable cases of fixed-point rigid body dynamics. The Euler top has no external torque; the Lagrange top has axial symmetry and its center of mass on the symmetry axis; the Kovalevskaya top has two equal principal moments twice the third and its center of mass in the corresponding principal plane.