For every , take a plane immersed circle with transverse double points and form its product with an embedded circle in a second symplectic plane. The resulting torus is a Product Lagrangian immersion with clean double circles. Resolving them gives a connected nonorientable Lagrangian embedding in with Euler characteristic .
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2024 iii Paper 146 2 i Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
Take . For any Lagrangian embedding of into a symplectic four-manifold, the symplectic form identifies the normal bundle with . The self-intersection formula and the Euler characteristic giveup to the harmless orientation sign. If a smooth isotopy displaced , its final image would represent the same homology class but have intersection number zero with , a contradiction. This is the smooth non-displaceability from self-intersection.
For a compact ambient example, equip with . Its diagonalis Lagrangian because the two summands cancel on , and the preceding argument shows that it is not smoothly displaceable.