Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2001 iii Paper 53 2 d Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Write the local Taylor series at the critical point aswhere is even, and put . The fixed-point equation first gives , consistently with normalization. Expanding the inner function at zero and the outer one at one,The quadratic remainder in the outer expansion is of order , at least because . Comparing the nonzero coefficients proves the exact identityTo obtain the requested first-order relation, use the leading polynomial approximation to a renormalization fixed point: retain only . Then , while , giving the truncated equationThe equality belongs to this truncation; higher analytic coefficients generally change and , so it is not an additional exact equation for the full fixed point.
For , solve . The root compatible with is ; the other root is inadmissible. ThusThis is a coarse leading approximation, not the more accurate universal value obtained after retaining higher coefficients.