Lindblad dissipator 2026-10-14
A Lindblad dissipator is the non-Hamiltonian generator associated with a Lindblad operator . It preserves the trace because cyclicity gives , cancelling the two anticommutator terms. It preserves Hermiticity and satisfies ; it need not preserve the identity or the purity of a density operator.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 iii Paper 52 2 d Solution 2026-10-14
Let denote the Lindbladian. Substituting and projecting with the Hilbert-Schmidt inner product givesFor the Quantum Hamiltonian term, cyclicity of the trace yieldsFor each Lindblad dissipator, the same cyclic rearrangement givesThese are the required coefficient matrices, so . They are real because both generators map Hermitian matrices to Hermitian matrices, whose coordinates are real by (a).
The trace of a commutator vanishes. AlsoThus the last row of is zero and . It is trace preservation, not preservation of the purity of a density operator, that produces this constant coordinate.
Write and . Since , the remaining coordinates obey the Affine Bloch equationBecause and , its offset can also be writtenIt vanishes for unital dynamics, but need not vanish for a general dissipative evolution.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 iii Paper 52 3 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Take the driving and feedback strengths to be real, so the feedback Quantum Hamiltonian is Hermitian. The lowering operator satisfies . Using the supplied convention for ,The additional Quantum Hamiltonian term is consequentlyWith no drift Quantum Hamiltonian, the total Quantum Hamiltonian is just . The feedback-modified Lindblad operator isSubstitution into the measurement-feedback equation givesThus the feedback affects the Lindblad dissipator even though its extra coherent Quantum Hamiltonian contribution cancels. This is a concrete mechanism of Markovian reservoir engineering, rather than merely a classical control force added to an unchanged dissipative equation.