Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2026 iii Paper 112 2 c Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
In fact the conclusion holds for every amphichiral knot; the hypothesis on the Arf invariant of a knot is unnecessary. Let be the two-fold branched cover of a knot. Amphichirality gives an orientation-reversing self-homeomorphism of , so its linking form of a branched cover satisfiesFix an odd prime and pass to the -primary subgroup. The standard filtration by powers of decomposes its linking form into nonsingular symmetric forms over . On a graded piece of dimension , an anti-isometry has a matrix satisfyingTaking determinants givesIf , then is not a square in , so every such is even. The sum of these graded dimensions is the exponentIt is therefore even, as required.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2026 iii Paper 112 3 c Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
A genus-one Seifert matrix for the Stevedore knot isIts Alexander polynomial iswhose roots are and . There are no unit roots, so Question 1(a) proves that every Levine-Tristram signature of the Stevedore knot vanishes.
On the other hand,has Smith normal form . ThereforeIf a knot is doubly slice, the linking form on the first homology of its two-fold branched cover of a knot is hyperbolic: it has two complementary metabolizers, arising from the two sides of the unknotted sphere. A cyclic group of order nine has a unique subgroup of order three, so its linking form of a branched cover cannot have two complementary metabolizers. The Stevedore knot is consequently not doubly slice, despite its identically vanishing signature function.