Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2007 iii Paper 84 2 iii b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Split the solitary-wave energy into longitudinal, transverse and interaction contributions,Consider the longitudinal dilation for . Changing variables to givesThe renormalized momentum of a condensate is unchanged: its single derivative contributes , cancelling the measure factor . Since the wave is a critical point of , differentiating this admissible scaling variation at givesTherefore the longitudinal scaling identity for a condensate solitary wave yieldsThis directional Pohozaev identity assumes the finite energy and sufficient decay to justify the dilation variation; it can equivalently be obtained with cutoffs followed by a limit. It is an identity for solitary-wave critical points, not for arbitrary localized fields.