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A theoretical physicist who, with Martin Bodo Plenio, introduced entanglement catalysis in transformations of pure quantum states. An auxiliary entangled state can enable a conversion by local operations and classical communication that would otherwise be impossible, yet be returned unchanged. The example shows why the possibilities of manipulating quantum entanglement cannot be described by a single notion of how much entanglement a state contains.^[ref]

Martin Bodo Plenio and Daniel Jonathan showed that a shared auxiliary entangled state can enable a deterministic LOCC conversion that is impossible for the original pair of pure quantum states alone. The auxiliary quantum state is returned unchanged and uncorrelated with the output, so it acts as a catalyst for entanglement catalysis. The key distinction is between consuming an extra resource and using one that can be recovered: a majorization obstruction for the original Schmidt coefficients can disappear after including the catalyst's Schmidt coefficients.^[ref]