Let be downward deflection, , with . Take a uniform circular elastic beam, , small slopes, and linear material response. Write for its axial elastic modulus and for its axial viscous coefficient; these are material quantities, not the solvent viscosity. The extension of the printed parallel model has moment law
With mass per unit length , transverse momentum balance in the interior is
The free-tip conditions are and with this downward-positive convention; the clamp supplies the remaining reactions.
Neglecting inertia gives . Twice integrating the moment law with the clamp conditions gives
For a step and an initially relaxed elastic beam, Kelvin-Voigt cantilever creep is
Thus the equivalent tip spring and dashpot are and .
If the intended material is instead a true series Maxwell fluid, its moment satisfies . Together with momentum balance , this gives the full interior equation , with the moment law retained for boundary and initial conditions. In the quasistatic limit,
This Maxwell cantilever creep has an initial elastic jump followed by linear creep, not a finite plateau. The jump is the ideal massless step-load limit; inertia resolves the transient. A two-element series model has no nonzero relaxed modulus, so “Maxwell solid” is not an additional specification of a solid with finite long-time stiffness. Such a solid would need an additional spring. The small-deflection approximation requires and eventually fails for unbounded creep.
Figure 1.
Thermal displacement crossover, parallel and series elastic beam creep, and diffusion-limited versus reaction-limited ratchet slowdown
. Details.