Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 iii Paper 51 3 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Label the chain cluster state from top to bottom by , and let be the phase-measurement outcomes on the first three vertices, with raw computational basis outcome on vertex four. Repeated one-bit teleportation leaves the last qubit, up to global phase, inThis sequential description applies even though the whole graph state is prepared first: a later Controlled-Z gate acts only on unmeasured qubits and commutes with earlier single-qubit measurement operators. It can therefore be moved past those measurements for the purpose of calculating each conditional branch.
Take and , so . After the second measurement the logical state isFor binary , the identities proved above imply the Pauli-frame propagation along a measurement wire rulewhere means equality up to global phase. Choose the third angle adaptively as . Then , andReading the target circuit in temporal order gives its premeasurement stateConsequentlyThe Pauli Z gate changes only phases in the computational basis, while the Pauli X gate exchanges its two measurement outcomes. Thus the explicit choices areIndeed, for every earlier outcome branch,Hence averaging over the earlier random outcomes leaves exactly the target probability distribution. This implements the desired measurement-based quantum computation without physically removing the final Pauli frame.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2010 iii Paper 49 2 d Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Use two-bit remote state preparation on a graph-state path. Alice performs the first two measurements from the preceding measurement-based quantum computation: angle on her first qubit, giving , then angle on her second, giving . She sends the pair to Bob, using exactly two classical communication bits.
The branch calculation already gives Bob's state as , where . Bob applies first and second, so his correction operator is . Since ,ThusThe final state is exactly the desired state up to the irrelevant global phase. No postselection is used: all four measurement branches have probability and are corrected. Bob does not need the angles themselves; Alice uses them in her measurement choices, while the two bits specify his Pauli correction.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2014 iii Paper 61 4 a ii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
An explicit measurement-based quantum computation pattern uses six vertices . Prepare a graph state with every vertex in and apply a Controlled-Z gate for each edgeThe first two links on each wire permit graph-state preparation of a computational-basis input followed by the logical J gate. Use the following single-qubit measurements:
All entangling edges can be made at preparation time because Controlled-Z gates commute. A future edge that does not touch a currently measured vertex can equivalently be deferred, which allows the one-bit teleportation identities to be applied in their logical order.
The two initial measurements implement with Pauli frames on the logical inputs. The first adaptive J gate then has output frame on . Propagating through gives framesup to branchwise global phase. The second adaptive J gate converts the latter intoA correction does not alter a computational-basis measurement, while an correction flips its bit. Consequently the deterministic classical postprocessing isThis reproduces the output-bit distribution of the original quantum circuit, including its known byproduct corrections.
Six-vertex graph state, adaptive equatorial measurements and classical parity correction for the two-wire circuit
. Details. There is an additional simplification for these particular zero inputs. Since , , and , the exact final state is , independently of the angles. The requested bit is therefore fair. A single isolated graph-state vertex measured in already simulates that bit distribution; the six-vertex pattern also explicitly realizes the circuit and its corrections.
