An experimental researcher whose team produced a Bose-Einstein condensate in dilute rubidium vapor in 1995. Magnetic trapping of neutral atoms confined the cloud, while evaporative cooling removed energetic atoms. The decisive evidence was a narrow, anisotropically expanding component appearing within a broader thermal velocity distribution. Its sudden growth as the cloud cooled connected the observed images with macroscopic occupation of the trap’s lowest quantum state.[ref]
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor by M. H. Anderson and others. Abstract: rubidium trapping, evaporation and the three condensation signatures
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