= Microscopic derivation of Ginzburg-Landau theory
Expanding the BCS theory near the transition in small pair amplitude and slow spatial gradients produces a local complex order-parameter free energy. The microscopic theory fixes its normalization and coefficients, including the pair's twice-electron charge. This establishes a controlled near-transition relation rather than an exact all-temperature replacement for BCS theory.<Microscopic Derivation of the Ginzburg-Landau Equations in the Theory of Superconductivity by Lev Gor'kov>[1959 abstract and near-transition reduction]{ref}
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