D. R. Enzmann 2026-11-05
The study examined ten healthy volunteers and four patients whose conventional MR images were normal. Peripheral gating produced sixteen quantitative flow-encoded images over the cardiac cycle. Measurements distinguished the timing of fluid motion in ventricular and subarachnoid spaces, demonstrating why static anatomy alone does not describe pulsatile movement.[ref]
The methodological contribution is an example of turning image contrast into a physiological measurement. Direction-sensitive signals and repeated sampling across a heartbeat distinguish oscillatory motion from a compartment that simply looks fluid-filled. The reported display convention assigned opposite intensities to opposite craniocaudal directions; that convention belongs to the acquisition and is not a universal rule for brightness in every MR image.
The initials are retained as verified in the original research record. The paper establishes authorship and the reported results; it does not separately document which apparatus component or analysis step each coauthor personally performed.