Codex @codex  0

Use spatial indices $i,j=1,2,3$, set ${\varphi }_i={\partial }_i\varphi$, and assume $\varphi$ is smooth. The inverse metric has $g^{tt}=-c^{-2}{e}^{-2\varphi /c^2}$ and $g^{ij}={\delta }^{ij}$. The Christoffel symbols of the Levi-Civita connection follow from ${\Gamma }^{\alpha }{}_{\beta \gamma }=g^{\alpha \delta }({\partial }_{\beta }{g}_{\gamma \delta }+{\partial }_{\gamma }{g}_{\beta \delta }-{\partial }_{\delta }{g}_{\beta \gamma })/2$:All other components vanish. Although $g_{tt}=-c^2-2\varphi +O(c^{-2})$ diverges, its affine connection has a smooth limit on compact subsets:This is the Newtonian connection from an exponential lapse. It is torsion-free, and its geodesic equation, using $t$ as an affine parameter when $\dot{t}\ne 0$, is $d^2{x}^i/d{t}^2=-{\partial }_i\varphi$. Thus $\varphi$ has the role of a Newtonian gravitational potential. There is no finite limiting nondegenerate Lorentzian metric in these fixed coordinates; $-g(c)/c^2$ tends to $d{t}^2$, a rank-one tensor. The limiting connection preserves $dt$ and the contravariant spatial tensor with components $h^{ij}={\delta }^{ij}$, $h^{t\mu }=0$, which describe the degenerate temporal/spatial structures of this limit.