Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2014 iii Paper 81 1 d Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
Repeat the linear spin-wave approximation for bonds of lengths one and two. The polarized energy is and each bond length contributes its own lattice Laplacian. ThusThe next-nearest-neighbour ferromagnetic magnon dispersion remains nonnegative for the stated positive exchanges and has its only zero at modulo when . At small , : longer-range ferromagnetic exchange increases the stiffness.
At this harmonic order, a bosonic occupation configuration has energy . The one-magnon dispersion is also exact. General multi-magnon energies acquire the interactions omitted in the large- expansion; the formula does not claim an exact diagonalization of the full interacting many-spin Hamiltonian.