Einstein, incompleteness, and the epistemic view of quantum states by Nicholas Harrigan and Robert W. Spekkens Created 2026-10-24 Updated 2026-11-05
Foundations of Physics 40, 125–157; preprint 2007. Distinguishes overlap of pure-state preparation measures from incompleteness of a psi-ontic description.
Robert Spekkens Created 2026-10-24 Updated 2026-11-05
A theoretical physicist who, with Nicholas Harrigan, made the distinction between psi-ontic models and psi-epistemic models precise. In an ontological model of a quantum system, the key question is whether different pure quantum states can assign nonzero probability to the same underlying physical state. This separates overlap of preparation distributions from the different question of whether the wave function is a complete description.[ref]
Einstein, incompleteness, and the epistemic view of quantum states by Nicholas Harrigan and Robert W. Spekkens. Classification of ontological models and distinction between epistemicity and incompleteness