Robert Spekkens Created 2026-10-24 Updated 2026-11-05
A theoretical physicist who, with Nicholas Harrigan, made the distinction between psi-ontic models and psi-epistemic models precise. In an ontological model of a quantum system, the key question is whether different pure quantum states can assign nonzero probability to the same underlying physical state. This separates overlap of preparation distributions from the different question of whether the wave function is a complete description.[ref]