Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2014 iii Paper 38 1 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
The stopped processes are nonnegative martingales. Their expectations equal the finite deterministic value . The Fatou lemma gives, for each fixed integer ,Thus every is integrable. Apply the preceding discrete-time criterion to conclude is a martingale, not merely a supermartingale. This is the nonnegative discrete-time local martingale is a martingale result; its conclusion does not extend to arbitrary continuous-time nonnegative local martingales.
For and fixed finite deterministic , bounded events in restricting both and show that nonnegativity of forces nonnegativity of . Induction makes the entire stopped process nonnegative. The nonnegative discrete-time local martingale is a martingale criterion then gives . Nonnegative terminal gain is therefore zero almost surely, even without an intermediate wealth bound.