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FAT32 is a File Allocation Table filesystem variant using 32-bit table entries with fewer bits available for cluster numbers. A directory entry stores file size in a 32-bit unsigned field, limiting one ordinary file to $2^{32}-1$ bytes. This limit is distinct from a volume's capacity, which also depends on sector and cluster layout and implementation restrictions. FAT32 is widely interoperable but lacks native per-file security ACLs and metadata journaling of the kind provided by NTFS. Filesystem limits should be distinguished from a formatting tool's additional limits.^[ref]

// Target: computer-science.bigb

NTFS is a filesystem used by Windows, organizing file metadata through a master file table and supporting features including access control lists, sparse files, named streams and metadata journaling. The metadata journal helps recover filesystem structural consistency after an interrupted operation; it does not make every application's recent data automatically durable. Files can use multiple allocation extents, and the logical byte sequence is separate from its physical placement. Exact limits and feature availability depend on the system version and configuration.^[ref]

// Target: computer-science.bigb

NTFS offers several capabilities absent from FAT32. Four relevant advantages are per-file security, recoverable metadata updates, larger files and transparent compression. In detail, access control lists and ownership allow different users to have different rights on individual objects; file-system journaling helps recover a consistent metadata structure after a crash; file sizes can exceed FAT32's limit of $2^{32}-1$ bytes per file; and built-in compression can reduce the storage needed without changing application file access.

Encryption, quotas and sparse-file support are additional examples, but are not needed for the four requested points. Metadata journaling is not the same as guaranteeing that every recent data write survives a failure, and superiority in these capabilities does not mean universal superiority in compatibility or simplicity. The supported features are compared in the filesystem functionality documentation.