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Michael R. Clarkson is a computer scientist whose teaching connects practical computer programming with reasoning about correctness. His work includes OCaml Programming: Correct + Efficient + Beautiful by Michael R. Clarkson and others, which develops functional programming, data structures and methods for specifying and checking program behaviour.^[ref]

One characteristic example separates an abstraction function from a representation invariant. A list can represent a mathematical set, but an implementation that assumes no duplicate entries must maintain that condition after every operation. The explanation shows how an abstract interface is justified by concrete representation rules.^[ref]