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Sea ice anchored to a coast, grounded feature or other fixed support is fast ice. It can be smooth or deformed, young or old. Currents can transport an oil spill under sea ice beneath it even though the ice itself remains stationary.

A melt pond is liquid water collected in a depression on melting ice. Its lower albedo than snow-covered ice can strengthen ice-albedo feedback. Pond drainage and connected pores can redistribute an oil spill under sea ice during warming.