Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2014 iii Paper 64 3 iii Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
Put , a finite signed Radon measure, and defineFor , Fubini's theorem for the signed measure givesThus . A distribution on a connected interval with zero derivative is constant: any compactly supported test of integral zero is the derivative of a compactly supported test, so it pairs to zero with . Choose the resulting constant . Thenare one-sided representatives of a one-dimensional BV function. The first equals almost everywhere. Their difference is , nonzero at at most countably many points, so the second also equals almost everywhere.
Finite-measure continuity applied to proves as , and as . Moreover the opposite one-sided limits are and . Consequently both representatives are continuous exactly where . For each positive integer , there are only finitely many measure atoms of magnitude at least , since their total magnitudes are bounded by . Their union is countable, proving the requested discontinuity bound. This does not require the jump points to be isolated; they can be dense.
The hint's one-dimensional statement is consistent with this construction: zero measure means an empty set, so . This concerns approximate discontinuities of the BV space class; arbitrary changes of representative at points could create artificial pointwise discontinuities. The interval-mass representatives above remove that ambiguity and give the required one-sided continuity directly.