Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2005 iii Paper 82 4 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Define . Its antisymmetric off-diagonal entries cancel, leavingFrom and , solve explicitly for the P-SV characteristic reconstruction:The prescribed strictly positive make this decomposition unique; a grazing or evanescent branch is outside these assumptions.
In the mean flux, the two mixed directional terms arebecause makes the second scalar minus the complex conjugate of the first. The remaining self terms giveFinally use either directional velocity-potential matrix. Its weighted quadratic form satisfiesIndeed the two P-SV cross terms have coefficients and for the forward field, with the signs reversed for the backward field, so they cancel. Substitution provesThus net normal elastic-wave energy flux is the difference of the independently flux-weighted P and SV directional powers, even for coherent mixtures.