An allocation to current offspring that carries an opportunity cost for other reproductive opportunities. Time spent near offspring is not automatically an investment of the same value in both sexes.
Information concerning the probability that offspring are genetically sired by a male. Its effect on care depends on detection, future mating opportunities and effects on offspring, not only average extra-pair paternity.

Ancestors (4)

  1. Parental care
  2. Animal behaviour
  3. Biology
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