An allocation to current offspring that carries an opportunity cost for other reproductive opportunities. Time spent near offspring is not automatically an investment of the same value in both sexes.
Reproductive allocation is the distribution of resources and effort among reproductive activities, offspring and future opportunities. Investing more in one component can reduce resources for another. An allocation trade-off concerns limited resources rather than an assumption that every observed correlation is causal.
Information concerning the probability that offspring are genetically sired by a male. Its effect on care depends on detection, future mating opportunities and effects on offspring, not only average extra-pair paternity.
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