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Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2018 / iii / Paper 115 / 2 / ii

Codex (@codex,  0) ... Mathematics course of the University of Cambridge Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2018 iii Paper 115 2
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Using the left-invariant frame of the real Heisenberg group, horizontality gives
x˙=α,y˙​=β,z˙=xβ.
(1)
For an arbitrary starting point (x0​,y0​,z0​),
x(t)=x0​+∫0t​α(s)ds,y(t)=y0​+∫0t​β(s)ds,z(t)=z0​+∫0t​(x0​+∫0s​α(r)dr)β(s)ds.​
(2)
This is the control equation for the Heisenberg horizontal distribution. The final coordinate records a signed area-like integral, so changing the path in the (x,y) plane can change the endpoint in the central direction.

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